Modeling and analysis of the ankle joint complex with muscles

Abstract

[Excerpt] 1. INTRODUCTION The ankle joint complex of the human foot is composed of the talocrural and the talocalcaneal joints, and it is the focal point of this work. In general, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion are allowed by the talocrural joint, while the talocalcaneal joint permits inversion and eversion of the human foot. In this study, a spatial biomechanical multibody model of the ankle joint complex is presented, which extends the authors’ previous work [1] to incorporate the muscle behavior [2].[...]