Optimization of bacterial nanocellulose fermentation using lignocellulosic residues and development of novel BNC-starch composites

Abstract

[Excerpt] Introduction In the paper industry, significant fraction of fibers that cannot be re‐utilized are wasted by the paper companies, which raise economic and environmental concerns. Unique properties of BNC have sustained promising applications in the biomedical field, pulp and paper, composites and foods. In order to ally the recycling of lignocellulosic residues and the production of BNC, recycled paper sludge (RPS) was enzymatically hydrolyzed to obtain sugar hydrolysates, which were used for BNC production.