Ureteroscopy-assisted percutaneous kidney access with a novel navigation system using electromagnetic guidance: an updated clinical series

Abstract

[Excerpt] Introduction & Objectives: The percutaneous access of the collecting system is one of the most challenging steps of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). There are some limitations associated with the classical puncture guidance systems based on ultrasound or fluoroscopy. The objective of this study was to describe a new ureteroscopy-assisted guidance technique for the kidney percutaneous access during PCNL and the associated preliminary clinical outcomes: clinical applicability, time to puncture, number of necessary attempts and associated complications.[...]