Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative outcome in patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing bowel resection

Abstract

Sarcopenia is as an important prognostic factor in inflammatory bowel disease. In patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), sarcopenia has impact on morbidity after surgical resection. Aim: Evaluate sarcopenia impact on prognosis of patients with CD and assess CD sarcopenia prevalence. An retrospective study of 58 CD patients diagnosed histologically and imagiologically at the Hospital de Braga between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2017. In order to obtain the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), it was calculated the muscle area at L3 level, from computed tomography. The <i>t</i>-test was used for independent samples, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test for comparison between groups with and without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia prevalence was 41.4% (24 patients). Patients with sarcopenia presented a muscle area with a mean value of 119.88 cm² (±28.10), significantly lower than that of the group of patients without sarcopenia (<i>t</i>(56) = 2.191, <i>p</i> = 0.033, <i>d</i> = 0.60), and values of SMI with median 42.86 cm²/m², significantly lower than patients without sarcopenia (<i>t</i>(56) = 2.815, <i>p</i> = 0.007, <i>d</i> = 0.08). Regarding postoperative complications, significant differences were observed between the two groups (<i>p</i> = 0.000). In this study, sarcopenia was significantly associated with postoperative morbidity, as reported in the literature.