Lignin from an integrated process consisting of liquid hot water and ethanol organosolv: Physicochemical and antioxidant properties

Abstract

Corncob was successively pretreated by liquid hot water (LHW) and ethanol organosolv (EO) in an integrated process. LHW was performed at 200°C for 30min, and EO was performed using uncatalyzed ethanolwater solutions, according to a design of experiments. The effects of the most influential operational variables (ethanol concentration, temperature and time) on yield and chemical composition of the fractions were assessed. Results showed the factor with the greatest effect was ethanol concentration (p<0.05), leading to a high-purity lignin (86.7%93.1%) with a total phenolic content of around 25mg GAE/g. Moreover, the solids recovered from the high ethanol concentration conditions presented the lowest lignin contents (15.4%17.2%) with good preservation of cellulose (82.5%88.6% of glucans). The lignin antioxidant capacity showed that all lignin samples presented radical scavenging activity IC50 of 0.17mg/mL and 0.016mg/mL on DPPH (2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2azinobis(3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic acid) assays, respectively) with values close to the commercial antioxidant BHT. Moreover, the chemical (FTIR) and thermal (DSC and TGA) characterization showed lignins with similar properties that were compared with lignin from direct ethanol organosolv process. Results showed that the integrated process of LHW-EO was the most effective way to obtain lignin with high purity and antioxidant capacity.