Design, technology and emotion measurement

Abstract

Emotion is a complex field with growing attention from several other fields of research. Recent scientific discoveries in Neuroscience and Affective Computing are providing insights on the most hidden and unconscious mental processes. By measuring what people experience when using a product, designers can gather useful data that aids them understanding their needs and expectations [1]. Due to the contribution of this new knowledge, Design faces new challenges and great opportunities to evolve. Although information on research methods for measuring emotions is readily accessible in books, scientific journals, websites, among others, no data was found in a coherent and comprehensive manner to manage all. As a result, this article is intended as a framework for three distinct methods for physiology measurement – Eye tracking, Galvanic Skin Response and Facial expression analysis, which resort to sophisticated sensor-based equipment to track specific functions of the human body, namely, pupil dilation, conductivity of the skin and facial behavior. These equipment are becoming affordable, less evasive and portable, making possible field experiments and remote research [2]. These methods were elected because they offer researchers unique paths to explore unconscious behavior. Thus, they are valuable to assess emotional states — prior studies found evidence of patterns in physiological responses for specific emotions [3]. In order to explore these issues, material from books and academic research was gathered and studied. Each method is described, some studies are pointed out and recommendations are given. The literature revealed that these methods provide valuable insights about bodily responses, but they have limitations and disadvantages. Furthermore, it requires technical expertise, knowledge about research planning and analysis of the acquired data sets. Nevertheless, published findings support that the true power of these methods unfolds as they are combined with each other. The main purpose of this article is to briefly inform designers and researchers about specific techniques and equipment available for emotion measurement in order to aid them in making more informed decisions. In addition, it is aimed to encourage different approaches in Design research in order to develop better products and experiences. Future prospects for Design are also discussed.