Water dispersible few-layer graphene stabilized by a novel pyrene derivative at micromolar concentration

Abstract

The search for graphene or few-layer graphene production methods that are simple, allow mass production, and yield good quality material continues to provoke intense investigation. The present work contributes to this investigation through the study of the aqueous exfoliation of four types of graphene sources, which are namely graphite and graphite nanoflakes with different morphologies and geographical origins. The exfoliation was achieved in an aqueous solution of a soluble pyrene derivative that was synthesized to achieve maximum interaction with the graphene surface at low concentration (5 × 10⁻⁵ M). The yield of bilayer and few-layer graphene obtained was quantified by Raman spectroscopic analysis, and the adsorption of the pyrene derivative on the graphene surface was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The whole procedure was rationalized with the help of molecular modeling.