Repositório Colecção:
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/55784
2024-03-28T23:13:19ZLa construction du concept juridique de journaliste au Portugal, entre contrôle et autonomie (1934-1999)
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/87957
Título: La construction du concept juridique de journaliste au Portugal, entre contrôle et autonomie (1934-1999)
Autor: Camponez, Carlos; Oliveira, Madalena
Resumo: Cet article est le fruit d'une étude sur la construction de la définition juridique de journaliste au Portugal, l'un des derniers pays l'Europe à abolir la censure préalable de la presse, en 1974. Dnas ce contexte, la définition juridique de journaliste, la reconnaissance de l'exercice de la profession dans les autres médias que la presse, la définition des catégories professionnelles ou les compétences pour l'attribution de la carte de journaliste sont quelques éléments à travers lesquels se disputait le contrôle de la profession et des médias. Cette lutte a été menée par le Syndicat National des Journalistes (SNJ), censé être, à la date de sa création, en 1934, une organisation de représentation, mais aussi de contrôle de la profession. C'est au sein de ce syndicat que s'est forgée une bonne partie de la culture professionelle, qui a perduré après la fin de la dictature, en avril 1974, et jusqu'à la fin des années 1990, quand la définition de journaliste s'est finalmente stabilisée du point de vue juridique.; This article results from a study about the construction of the legal definition of journalist in Portugal, one of the latest countries in Euorpe to abolish prior censorship, in 1974. In this context, the control of the profession and the media was carried out through elements like the legal definition of journalists' professional status, the recognition of the exercise of the profession in media other than the press, the definition of professional categories or the competencies for the granting of the journalist's card. This struggle was led by the National Union of Journalists (SNJ), which was supposed to be, at the time of its creation in 1934, a representative but also a controlling organization for the profession. It was within this union that much of the professional culture was forged, which lasted after the end of the dictatorship in April 1974 and until the end of the 1990's, when the definition of journalist was finally stabilized from a legal point of view.
<b>Tipo</b>: article2024-01-08T13:20:44ZSocial representations of European history by the European youth: a cross-country comparison
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/87595
Título: Social representations of European history by the European youth: a cross-country comparison
Autor: Bouchat, Pierre; Cabecinhas, Rosa; Licata, Laurent; Charton, Maxence; Chryssochoou, Xenia; Delouvée, Sylvain; Erb, Hans-Peter; Facca, Léo; Flassbeck, Christine; Haas, Valérie; Kalampalikis, Nikos; Franc, Renata; Mari, Silvia; Pavlovic, Tomislav; Petrović, Nebojša; Raudsepp, Maaris; Sá, Alberto; Sakki, Inari; Sekerdej, Maciek; Taranczewski, Julien; Telle, Nils-Torge; Valentim, Joaquim Pires; Wenzel, Aude; Wnuk, Anna; Hilton, Denis
Resumo: O presente manuscrito examina o modo como os jovens europeus representam a história da Europa. Um estudo realizado em 11 países europeus (N = 1406, estudantes de ciências sociais) mostra que as personalidades considerados mais importantes na história da Europa são, na sua maioria, homens ligados à Segunda Guerra Mundial, a autoritarismos, conquistas e impérios. Embora com menor frequência e com padrões distintos entre os países, a história da Europa também está associada a líderes religiosos, artistas, cientistas
e filósofos. Estes resultados mostram que as representações da história da Europa atualmente compartilhadas por jovens europeus correspondem, em parte, a narrativas históricas baseadas num conjunto específico de experiências, acontecimentos e valores supostamente comuns aos povos da Europa que foram promovidos pelas elites europeias durante o processo de integração europeia.
Estes resultados sugerem ainda que, além da narrativa negativa das guerras e dos crimes do totalitarismo, a história da Europa também é encarnada por figuras positivas, que transcendem as fronteiras nacionais e personificam um conjunto de elementos-chave que são associados à identidade da União Europeia: democracia, tolerância, solidariedade, humanismo e o Iluminismo. Por fim, também destacamos a quase ausência de personagens inequivocamente relacionadas aos processos de colonização e de descolonização, além de uma forte sub-representação das mulheres.; The present manuscript examines the way young Europeans represent Europe’s history. A study conducted in 11 European countries (N = 1406 students in social sciences) shows that the characters considered most important in the history of Europe are mostly men linked either to WW2, authoritarianism, or conquests and empires. Although these appear later in the rankings and despite some imbalance between countries, Europe’s history is also associated with religious figures, artists, scientists, and philosophers. These results show that the representations of the history of Europe currently shared by young Europeans correspond, in part, to historical narratives based on a specific set of experiences, events, and values supposedly common to the peoples of Europe that were promoted by European elites throughout the integration process. Further, these results suggest that beyond the negative narrative of war and the crimes of totalitarianism, the history of Europe is also embodied by positive characters transcending national boundaries and associated with a set of key elements of the EU identity: democracy, tolerance, solidarity, humanism, and the Enlightenment. Finally, we also highlight the near-total absence of characters unambiguously related to colonization and, especially, decolonization, and a strong overall under-representation of women.; Le présent manuscrit examine la manière dont les jeunes Européens se représentent l'histoire de l'Europe. Une étude menée dans 11 pays européens (N = 1406 étudiants en sciences sociales) montre que les personnages considérés comme les plus importants dans l'histoire de l'Europe sont principalement des hommes liés à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à l’autoritarisme, et/ou aux conquêtes et aux empires. Bien qu'ils apparaissent plus loin dans le classement et malgré un certain déséquilibre entre les pays, l'histoire de l'Europe est également associée à des figures religieuses, des artistes, des scientifiques et des philosophes. Ces résultats montrent que les représentations de l'histoire de l'Europe actuellement partagées par les jeunes Européens correspondent en partie à des récits historiques fondés sur un ensemble spécifique d'expériences, d'événements et de valeurs, supposés communs aux peuples d'Europe et promus par les élites européennes tout au long du processus d'intégration. En outre, ces résultats suggèrent qu'au-delà du récit négatif de la guerre et des crimes du totalitarisme, l'histoire de l'Europe est également incarnée par des personnages positifs qui transcendent les frontières nationales et incarnent un ensemble d'éléments clés associés à l'identité de l'UE: la démocratie, la tolérance, la solidarité, l'humanisme et les Lumières. Enfin, nous soulignons également l'absence quasi-totale de personnages liés clairement à la colonisation et, en particulier, à la décolonisation, ainsi qu'une forte sous-représentation générale des femmes.
<b>Tipo</b>: article2023-12-19T14:42:54ZWords for climate change are powerful but not magical
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/87499
Título: Words for climate change are powerful but not magical
Autor: Carvalho, Anabela
Resumo: A better understanding of the role of language in societies is required - for example, whether adoption of emergency terminology could impact views and practices. For both researchers and communication strategists, a thorough consideration of the interconnections between language and social contexts is crucial.
<b>Tipo</b>: journalEditorial2023-12-08T19:52:24ZClimate change totems and discursive hegemony over the arctic
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/87497
Título: Climate change totems and discursive hegemony over the arctic
Autor: Tam, Chui Ling; Chew, Suzanne; Carvalho, Anabela; Doyle, Julie
Resumo: The Arctic and its animals figure prominently as icons of climate change in Western imaginaries. Persuasive storytelling centred on compelling animal icons, like the polar bear, is a powerful strategy to frame environmental challenges, mobilizing collective global efforts to resist environmental degradation and species endangerment. The power of the polar bear in Western climate imagery is in part derived from the perceived "environmental sacredness"of the animal that has gained a totem-like status. In dominant "global"discourses, this connotation often works to the detriment of Indigenous peoples, for whom animals signify complex socio-ecological relations and cultural histories. This Perspective article offers a reflexive analysis on the symbolic power of the polar bear totem and the discursive exclusion of Indigenous peoples, informed by attendance during 2015-2017 at annual global climate change negotiations and research during 2016-2018 in Canada's Nunavut Territory. The polar bear's totem-like status in Western imaginaries exposes three discursive tensions that infuse climate change perception, activism, representation and Indigenous citizenship. The first tension concerns the global climate crisis, and its perceived threat to ecologically significant or sacred species, contrasted with locally lived realities. The second tension concerns a perceived sacred Arctic that is global, pristine, fragile and "contemplated,"but simultaneously local, hazardous, sustaining and lived. The third tension concerns Indigenization, distorted under a global climate gaze that reimagines the role of Indigenous peoples. Current discursive hegemony over the Arctic serves to place Indigenous peoples in stasis and restricts the space for Arctic Indigenous engagement and voice.
<b>Tipo</b>: article2023-12-07T17:05:43ZEditorial: Science in a time of crisis: communication, engagement and the lived experience of the COVID-19 pandemic
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/87496
Título: Editorial: Science in a time of crisis: communication, engagement and the lived experience of the COVID-19 pandemic
Autor: Wald, Dara M.; Carvalho, Anabela; Felt, Ulrike
Resumo: [Excerpt] When we opened the call for this Research Topic in the summer of 2020, we never imagined
that nearly 2 years later, we would be nearing 500 Million COVID cases worldwide, still debating COVID restrictions, continuing to argue about vaccine mandates, and wondering when or even if we’ll see a final coronavirus surge or variant. The editors of this Research Topic have shared experiences, including multiple national lockdowns, quarantines due to exposure, or potential exposure. We have experienced separation from family and friends during times of love and loss and we have seen the rise of physical violence as a response to restrictions, which we have never witnessed before. In other ways, our lived experiences reflect the diversity of the countries where we live, with divergent political discourse about science and risk, different local/national mask requirements or bans, and diverse responses to COVID vaccines. [...]
<b>Tipo</b>: journalEditorial2023-12-07T16:59:38Z